Sul terreno la vegetazione ha già radicato e si notano ciuffi di erba al sommo e sui fianchi. Collocata in una zona popolata sin dalla preistoria, Chartres è ricca di monumenti meg Raffigurano principalmente santi e personaggi biblici: Noè, Giuseppe, il buon samaritano, il figliol prodigo, ma anche episodi della leggenda aurea di Jacopo da Varazze. [21], Il coro e l'abside presentano la decorazione pittorica parietale policroma barocca, progettata dall'architetto Victor Louis e realizzata in due fasi, nel 1770-1773 da Jean-Baptiste Hermand e Nicolas Montlevaux e nel 1786-1788 da Joseph Antoine Gontheinze, che andò ad inglobare entro colonne corinzie i pilastri polistili gotici;[22] il pavimento in marmi policromi, invece, risale al 1773 ed è opera di Nicolas Montlevaux. La cattedrale di Chartres, il suo labirinto e altre meraviglie il 17 Novembre, 2019. Il libro ebbe una certa rilevanza all'epoca della pubblicazione. [26] Lungo le pareti del coro si trovano gli stalli lignei su due ordini, di Charles-Antoine Bridan (1786-1788), autore anche dei sei grandi bassorilievi che ornano il prospetto interno della recinzione. Mostly constructed between 1194 and 1220, it stands at the site of at least five cathedrals that have occupied the site since the Diocese of Chartres was formed as an episcopal see in the 4th century. Lo scrittore e poeta Charles Péguy ha consacrato una lunga poesia alla cattedrale nella sua raccolta La Tapisserie de Notre-Dame e ha partecipato al rinnovo spirituale che conobbe la cattedrale all'inizio del XX secolo. Unlike mazes, there was only a single path that could be followed. [40], Chapel of Saint Piatus of Tournai, added in 1326 to the east of the apse, Chapel of Saint Piatus of Tournai (left), apse of the cathedral and the old bishop's residence, The Chapel of Saint Piatus of Tournai was a later addition to the cathedral, built in 1326, close to the apse at the east end of the cathedral. L'edificio costruito dal vescovo Fulberto, fu distrutto nel 1194 a causa di un incendio ed immediatamente si cominciarono i lavori di ricostruzione, che durarono circa 60 anni. [12], Il presbiterio attuale è situato nella crociera; rialzato su un basamento in blocchi squadrati di pietra di Berchères-les-Pierres (1993), è costituito da un insieme di arredi sacri sia fissi, sia mobili realizzati dallo scultore e orefice francese Goudji a partire dal 1992, e in gran parte classificati come monumento storico di Francia. One of the attractions at the Chartres Cathedral is the Chartres Light Celebration, when not only is the cathedral lit, but so are many buildings throughout the town, as a celebration of electrification. [24], Gargoyle on the North Tower, serving as a rain spout, Detail of the South Tower, with statuary of Chimeras, Detail on the South Portal depicting angels looking down upon hell, Monsters and devils tempting Christians on the south portal. Il prospetto è incorniciato tra due torri. [33] Another possible explanation is that the Cathedral clergy wanted to emphasise the universal reach of the Church, particularly at a time when their relationship with the local community was often a troubled one. [46], Australian architectural historian John James, who made a detailed study of the cathedral, has estimated that there were about 300 men working on the site at any one time, although it has to be acknowledged that current knowledge of working practices at this time is somewhat limited. Its highly ornate Flamboyant Gothic style contrasts with the earlier chapels. Go on singing. Jambs of the center doorway of the Royal Portal, with statues of the men and women of the Old Testament, West portal, tympanum of left door. Il Chartres famosa cattedrale e maestoso, il Museo delle Belle Arti e il giardino del vescovo, passeggiando sulle rive del Eure (Place Saint-Pierre a Saint-Brice), più una passeggiata in Città Bassa con i suoi ponti, lavanderie, le case e le vie tipiche, la chiesa di Sant'Andrea e di Saint-Aignan. La mensa, opera del marmista Nicolas Montlevaux e del doratore Louis Prieur, è in marmo blu con mensole poco sporgenti e bassorilievo centrale in bronzo; ai suoi lati, i grandi gradini in marmo bianco sui quali poggiano i candelabri. [9], On August 16, 1944, during the intervention of the American troops in Chartres, the cathedral was saved from destruction thanks to the American colonel Welborn Barton Griffith Jr. (1901-1944), who questioned the order he was given to destroy the cathedral. Questi brevi appunti, le impressioni e le riflessioni che vi sono riportate, si riferiscono alla mia prima visita alla cattedrale di Chartres, effettuata nel 1990. The largest piece is shown in one of the ambulatory chapels above. [60], Today Chartres continues to attract large numbers of pilgrims, many of whom come to walk slowly around the labyrinth, their heads bowed in prayer – a devotional practice that the cathedral authorities accommodate by removing the chairs from the nave on Fridays from Lent to All Saints' Day (except for Good Friday).[61]. New Testament figures Simeon, John the Baptist, and Saint Peter, with his keys, Unidentified characters from the Old Testament, The statuary of the north transept portals is devoted to the Old Testament, and the events leading up to the birth of Christ, with particular emphasis on the Virgin Mary. Chartres Cathedral caught in clean-up row", "The Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres (part 1 of 2)", "Le labyrinthe de la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres", https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/kate-mosse/the-city-of-tears/9781509806874, Chartres Cathedral history and information, University of Pittsburgh photo collection, Chartres Cathedral at Sacred Destinations, Details of the Zodiac and other Chartres windows, Chartres Cathedral on the Corpus of Medieval Narrative Art, Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps, Prehistoric sites and decorated caves of the Vézère valley, Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chartres_Cathedral&oldid=996679958, Monuments of the Centre des monuments nationaux, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles needing additional references from October 2019, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz place identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Old Testament Narratives (Esther, Judith, Samson, Gideon and Tobit), Christ showing his wounds with the Virgin and, Further scenes from the lives of St Nicholas and St Martin, Choirs of angels and the dead rising from their tombs /, Width: 32 metres (105 ft) / 46 metres (151 ft), Nave: height 37 metres (121 ft); width 16.4 metres (54 ft), Ground area: 10,875 square metres (117,060 sq ft), Height of south-west tower: 105 metres (344 ft), Height of north-west tower: 113 metres (371 ft), Choir enclosure: 200 statues in 41 scenes, Grant, Lindy. Anche il velo fu tagliato in diverse porzioni, che furono vendute. francetravelplanner.com. The timber beams under the roof were replaced with an iron framework covered with copper plates[16], The cathedral has three great portals or entrances, opening into the nave from the west and into the transepts from north and south. The architectural critic of the New York Times, Martin Filler, called it "a scandalous desecration of a cultural holy place. [7] La decorazione dietro le statue presenta ancora influenze dello stile romanico precedente: intrecci, colonnine e foglie d'acanto testimoniano gli influssi dell'arte meridionale. He is depicted in stained glass and culture holding the fragment of his skull in his hands. The silk veil was divided into pieces during the French Revolution. È un labirinto unicursale con una sola via d’uscita, una sorta di percorso salvifico, motivato dall'anelito alla trascendenza, ed articolato nel discernere il bene e dal male. A more serious fire broke out on 7 September 1020, after which Bishop Fulbert (bishop from 1006 to 1028) decided to build a new cathedral. The rest of the weight is distributed by the vaults outwards to the walls, supported by flying buttresses. One of the features of Chartres cathedral is the speed with which it was built – a factor which helped contribute to the consistency of its design. Si tratta di una reliquia molto importante che fu offerta nell'876 alla cattedrale da Carlo il Calvo, imperatore del Sacro Romano Impero. Although the sculpture on the portals at Chartres is generally of a high standard, the various carved elements inside, such as the capitals and string courses, are relatively poorly finished (when compared for example with those at Reims or Soissons) – the reason is simply that the portals were carved from the finest Parisian limestone, or ' 'calcaire' ', while the internal capitals were carved from the local "Berchères stone", that is hard to work and can be brittle. Comprese le rosette, le 176 vetrate coprono una superficie di 2600 m². Funzioni, iconografia, tecniche, Presbiterio della cattedrale di Notre-Dame a Chartres, disposizioni foniche degli organi a canne, Cevenne, paesaggio culturale agro-pastorale, Grotte di Lascaux, nella valle del Vézère, La Valle della Loira tra Sully-sur-Loire e Chalonnes-sur-Loire, L'opera architettonica di Le Corbusier, un contributo eccezionale al Movimento Moderno, Pitons, circhi e scarpate dell'isola di Riunione, Place Stanislas, Place de la Carrière, e Place d'Alliance a Nancy, Strade francesi per Santiago di Compostela, Teatro Romano e dintorni e l'arco di Orange, https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cattedrale_di_Chartres&oldid=114890376, Errori del modulo citazione - pagine con data di accesso senza URL, Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità, licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo, Altezza della volta della navata centrale, sul pavimento della navata centrale della, il pellegrinaggio degli studenti, organizzato dalle, il pellegrinaggio di ispirazione tradizionalista organizzato dall'associazione. The right window, the Jesse Window, depicts the genealogy of Christ. The most complete survey is Yves Delaporte, Information sheet on the Crypt, published by the Welcome and Visitor Service, Dioceses of Chartres (2019). Most feature the standing figure of a saint or Apostle in the upper two-thirds, often with one or two simplified narrative scenes in the lower part, either to help identify the figure or else to remind the viewer of some key event in their life. Joris-Karl Huysmans includes detailed interpretation of the symbolism underlying the art of Chartres Cathedral in his 1898 semi-autobiographical novel La cathédrale. The upper floor of this chapel was accessed by a staircase opening onto the ambulatory. [3] It took its name from Lubinus, the mid-6th-century Bishop of Chartres. [citation needed], The builders were not working on a clean site; they would have had to clear back the rubble and surviving parts of the old church as they built the new. Central doorway of the South Portal, with column statue of Christ. This was then reconstructed and enlarged by Bishop Gislebert, but was itself destroyed by fire in 1020. [5], The nave, aisles, and lower levels of the transepts of the new cathedral were probably completed first, then the choir and chapels of the apse; then the upper parts of the transept. Surrounding the tympanum, as a reminder of the glory days of the School of Chartres, the archivolts are carved with some very distinctive personifications of the Seven Liberal Arts as well as the classical authors and philosophers most closely associated with them. Textiles were sold around the north transept, while meat, vegetable and fuel sellers congregated around the south porch. Most windows are made up of around 25 to 30 individual panels showing distinct episodes within the narrative; only Notre-Dame de la Belle-Verrière includes a larger image made up of multiple panels. The cathedral is designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, which calls it "the high point of French Gothic art" and a "masterpiece".[2]. While most of the sculpture of the cathedral portrayed Saints, Apostles and other Biblical figures, such as the angel holding a sundial on the south facade, other sculpture at Chartres was designed to warn the faithful. The presence of angels in the upper lintel, descending from a cloud and apparently shouting to those below, would seem to support the latter interpretation. Retrieved 2019-11-06. [1], La figura più importante nella storia di questa diocesi fu il vescovo Fulberto, teologo scolastico riconosciuto in tutta Europa, che cominciò nell'XI secolo la costruzione della cattedrale sull'area precedentemente occupata da un antico santuario pagano. La cattedrale di Chartresè raffigurata inquadrando la facciata e la parte esposta a sud. The lower floor was used as a chapter house, or meeting place for official functions, and the top floor was connected to the cathedral by an open stairway. Opinions are uncertain as the sizes and styles of the figures vary and some elements, such as the lintel over the right-hand portal, have clearly been cut down to fit the available spaces. [53], As with any medieval bishopric, Chartres Cathedral was the most important building in the town – the center of its economy, its most famous landmark and the focal point of many activities that in modern towns are provided for by specialised civic buildings. Klug Sonja U., Gotico segreto. [24] Fra gli artisti che vi lavorarono nel corso dei secoli, sono annoverati Jehan Soulas (autore delle statue più antiche), François Marchand, Thomas Boudin, Jean Dedieu, Pierre I Legros, Jean-Baptiste II Tuby, Simon Mazière; l'architettura venne disegnata da Jehan de Beauce, autore del coronamento della torre nord. Each bay of the aisles and the choir ambulatory contains one large lancet window, most of them roughly 8.1m high by 2.2m wide. The altar of the chapel is carved from a single block of limestone from the Berchères quarry, the source of most of the stone of the cathedral. The statement of purpose declared, "the restoration aims not only to clean and maintains the structure but also to offer an insight into what the cathedral would have looked like in the 13th century." His feet rest on a lion and a dragon. La cripta interna, denominata caveau Saint-Lubin e collocata al di sotto del coro, risale alla chiesa carolingia edificata nel IX secolo da Gisleberto; al suo interno sono visibili i resti di un muro di epoca gallo-romana. Joseph Campbell references his spiritual experience in The Power of Myth: I'm back in the Middle Ages. [30] The central oculus shows the Virgin and Child and is surrounded by twelve small petal-shaped windows, 4 with doves (the 'Four Gifts of the Spirit'), the rest with adoring angels carrying candlesticks. Equally notable are the three great façades, each adorned with hundreds of sculpted figures illustrating key theological themes and narratives. The Americans believed that Chartres Cathedral was being used by the enemy. Later modifications (13th–18th centuries) and the Coronation of Henry IV of France, Windows in aisles and the choir ambulatory, Chapel of Piatus of Tournai, bishop's palace and gardens. One major exception to this scheme is the presence of large statues of St Modesta (a local martyr) and St Potentian on the north west corner of the porch, close to a small doorway where pilgrims visiting the crypt (where their relics were stored) would once have emerged[18]. cattedrale di Chartres. Work nevertheless progressed rapidly: the south porch with most of its sculpture was installed by 1210, and by 1215 the north porch and the west rose window were completed. In fact, the present building is only marginally longer than Fulbert's cathedral. The arches press against the walls, counterbalancing the outward thrust from the rib vaults over the cathedral interior. It depicts Christ on a cloud, supported by two angels, above a row of figures representing the labours of the months and signs of the Zodiac[20]. Il portale della facciata settentrionale del transetto, anch'esso costituito da tre ingressi, è chiamato "portale dell'Alleanza" e venne scolpito tra 1205 ed il 1210. Ours, the scientists keep telling us, is a universe, which is disposable. It is lower than the rest of the crypt and may have been the shrine of a local saint, prior to the church's rededication to the Virgin Mary. Si trovano varie figure favolose tratte dai bestiari medievali, come nel caso delle raffigurazioni a destra della torre (facendo il giro dell'edificio sulla destra) ove troviamo un asino che suona la viola e una scrofa che fila.